The Black Russian Terrier, four-legged ball of fur

True ball of hair with four legs, the Black Russian Terrier attracts the attention by its resemblance with the Schnauzer rather than with the terriers. It is about a polyvalent animal being able to assume with brilliance the role of dog of defense, guard and company.

Characteristics of the Black Russian Terrier

The Black Russian Terrier is characterized by the rusticity of its appearance. It is large, robust, with a marked musculature and a developed skeleton. This dog with the body of athlete measures between 68 and 72 cm for the females and between 72 and 76 cm for the males. The weight for its part oscillates between 36 and 50 kg. The Black Russian Terrier has a long head with an accentuated stop, but which does not jump to the eyes because of the dense coat. Rounded zygomatic are also visible at the level of the head. The eyes are of medium size and are ovalized. They are properly set apart and aligned and should be as dark as possible. The standard prohibits light-colored eyes. The ears on their side are drooping, set high and in a triangle. All the characteristic of the Black Russian Terrier rests on its coat out of the common. It is undulated, coarse and very dense. At the level of the head, it is a little smoother. A thick moustache, eyebrows garnished and an abundant beard are visible. The coat is exclusively black and may have a few gray hairs.

History of the race Black Russian Terrier

The Black Russian Terrier is a relatively recent race since it appeared during the Fifties under the initiative of the ministry of defence in Russia which sought an animal polyvalent and robust able among other things to ensure the guard and to be a receptive police dog. This dog would be born from selective crossings between the giant Schnauzer, the Newfoundland, the Airedale and the Rottweiler. Some Caucasian Shepherd blood would also eventually be present. At one time, the Black Russian Terrier was prized by the Red Army, so much so that it was even called "Stalin's dog". It is officially recognized in 1983 by the FCI (Fédération cynologique internationale).

Necessary living conditions and behavior of the Black Russian Terrier

The Black Russian Terrier has a balanced character: it can show itself calm when all goes well and shows its instinct of protection and much reactivity when the situation requires it. It has a strong dignity and is vigorous, brave and intelligent. As a pet, it shows loyalty and affection towards its masters. Although it can get along with children, cohabitation is not recommended, because the inappropriate gestures of the little ones can be interpreted in a bad way by the animal. As for its living environment, it prefers to be outside and to have a sporty master.

Food and principal problems of health of the Black Russian Terrier

The Black Russian Terrier must absolutely be covered by a health insurance, because it can develop some diseases like the dysplasia of the hip and the elbow due to its strong size. The risks of progressive retinal atrophy and cataract are not to be excluded. From the point of view of diet, it must simply be adapted to the age, health and physical exercises.

Moving with your dog: what precautions should you take? Our advice

A move involves a whole series of changes and induces the search for a new life balance. These facts concern humans but also the pets that share their lives. If you have a dog, you need to be careful about the transition.

Let's take a look at what precautions are necessary when moving with your dog. We will give you some tips to make sure everything goes smoothly.

A question before the move: who is your dog?

Depending on the age and health of your dog, he will not experience the move in the same way and the consequences on his psychological and physiological balance will not be the same.

If your dog is still young, he may not yet have settled into his new home, but he may still be particularly agitated on moving day.

• If your dog is older, he is probably very settled and should not be rushed.
• If your dog is sick or in poor health, calmness is essential.
• If your dog is emotional, and is upset by anything, he will need to be handled gently.

Remember that your dog's difficulties in adapting can translate into complications for you, and that anticipation must remain one of your main objectives. A stressed or disturbed animal is an animal whose behavior will be modified and therefore more difficult or delicate to manage.

Organize a visit of the place before the move

Discovering the new place of life with your dog, before moving in, is a good way to give him the opportunity to get some reference points that will be useful once you are settled.

To do this, you must keep in mind that the dog likes to be with his masters and that if he spends a good time with them in a place, he will have a pleasant memory of it. If he has to go back and settle down there, it will be easier to live.

You can therefore organize a short activity in the place. If there is work to be done in the new premises, take your dog with you as often as possible. You can also organize a small meal: you eat your sandwich while your dog eats in his bowl. You can also play with your dog in the place where you are going to move in, and even leave some toys for the next time, or go for a walk in the area.

Beware of changes of universe!

What we mean by a change of universe is a move from urban to rural life or vice versa.

A dog that discovers a rural environment, can find itself confronted with animals that were previously unknown such as cows, pigs, chickens, etc. And this can cause fear and unexpected reactions that you will have to deal with quickly and efficiently.

On the other hand, a dog that discovers the city will be confronted with all sorts of noises that can also cause fear and behavioral difficulties.

Depending on the extent of the change due to the move, a real work of familiarization may therefore be necessary and, why not, carried out with the help of a specialist in animal behavior to avoid unpleasant surprises.

What to expect on the day of the move

Ideally, you should keep your dog away from the excitement of moving. If you can, leave him in your care! This will not only keep your dog from stressing you out, but it will also keep you from stressing yourself out because the dog may stick to you. He may indeed fear abandonment; and as you are his only reference point in his disorganized world, he will not want to let you go.

If you can't get him to stay with you, isolate him in a room, taking care to give him toys and other familiar objects. This can also be the car if your dog is used to it and you are sure it won't destroy the seats.

Settling into the new home

The first landmarks to install to reassure your dog are his resting and feeding places. Ideally, this should be the first thing you do when you arrive in your new home, provided that these are the final locations. Make sure you give him the same food as usual! Stress, as with humans, can affect his digestive system. Therefore, do everything you can to avoid inconveniences such as vomiting and diarrhea...

Be aware that the most sensitive dogs may bark or howl the first night. Also, avoid leaving your dog alone the day after you move. Fear of abandonment may be close at hand and he may cause damage in your new home. He must also get used to new noises coming from the neighborhood, new smells, new life rhythms, etc. His behaviors may therefore be modified. Being aware of all these difficulties for your pet, you will have to find the right attitude between indulgence and firmness: you must be understanding, while marking the limits.

A few days should be enough for the dog to get used to its new surroundings and to find its balance. Think about setting up rituals that you can maintain over time, which will contribute to the dog's return to a balanced life.

If the problems persist, don't wait to consult a dog behavior specialist who will guide you in your approach.

The Border Collie, an intelligent dog that needs space

The Border Collie is a highly intelligent dog that has built its reputation on its many accomplishments as a herding dog. Although hard-working and very active, this dog also thrives as a family pet, provided it has space.

Characteristics of the Border Collie

Elegance and nobility are words that can describe the Border Collie's temperament. With a well-balanced body and a decidedly athletic physique, the dog's head is moderately broad and well-proportioned, with a strong muzzle tapering to the tip. The eyes are oval and set wide apart. The ears are of medium size. They can be straight or semi-erect.

The Border Collie has either a short or moderately long coat. The coat has several colors: black, brown, tricolor, tan, sand, blue, red, red merle tricolor ... A point characterizing the breed is the presence of the white color visible on the chest and legs. On the other hand, it must never dominate on the other colors.

History of the Border Collie breed

A herding dog, the Border Collie originated in the Borders, the border area between Scotland and England. It was first discovered in the 17th century, although at the time, the concept of "breed" did not yet exist. Surprisingly, all the shepherd dogs that came out of the Borders during this period had a lot of physical similarities even though no selection work had been done by the shepherds. They only took into account the physical aptitudes of the animal. Another surprising fact is that even though the breed is old, it was not officially recognized until the early 1980s.

Border Collies' living requirements and behavior

The Border Collie is one of the most intelligent breeds. It is capable of learning very quickly thanks to its remarkable alertness. This dog is happy when it feels useful and works. Despite their boundless energy, they remain very docile.

Because of its dynamic nature, this fun-loving dog must live in large spaces such as houses with gardens. He cannot live in an apartment. Regular walks are also required. If possible, do some physical activity with him to channel him.

For all these reasons, the Border Collie is not suited to sedentary or elderly people. On the other hand, he will blossom with children.

Feeding and major health problems of the Border Collie

The Border Collie is often the victim of ocular pathology such as progressive retinal atrophy or cataracts. The danger is that he will go blind at an early age. Since there is no effective treatment, it is important to make sure that breeding stock does not carry the disease so that puppies do not inherit it. Hip dysplasia and epilepsy are also frequently diagnosed in this breed.

In order to ensure an iron health, his diet must be taken care of. As he is very energetic, prefer quality kibbles purchased from specialized networks and which contain the nutrients necessary for his good development.

Giving away your dog legally: what you need to know?

What do you need to know to give your dog away legally? For X reasons, you are in the obligation to separate you from your four-legged companion, know that to call upon organizations or to give it to a third party is a very courageous gesture. You have not abandoned him in the street and you open the door for a better future. Here is how to proceed to donate your dog in all serenity.

Are there any costs involved in donating a dog?

A placement in a shelter or association always requires a participation fee. The cost depends on each organization and can range from 10€ to 150€. To avoid excessive costs, keep all documents concerning your dog up to date as well as its medical follow-up. The dog must have a chip and an identification card. On the latter, the name of the person who brings the dog to the establishments must appear. If this is not the case, proceed with the name change by inviting the former owner to sign the identification card and send it to the Icad (Fichier National d'Identification des Carnivores Domestiques).

Medical procedures must have been done to reduce costs such as updating vaccines, spaying and neutering, so don't forget to bring your pet's vaccination booklet. If you have lost it, you can contact the veterinarian who performed the procedure and ask him to establish it.

Giving your dog to a private individual

The best option when donating your dog is to give it to a private individual. Talk about it around you, don't hesitate to put up posters in bakeries or local shops. You can also post classified ads on the internet on pet websites and pet forums. Accompany the classified ads with a nice picture of your dog to seduce the future owners.

Giving your dog to an association

The second solution is to give your dog to an association. There are different associations all over France: contact the one closest to your home. The associations offer a smoother transition, because they have the possibility to find takers even before putting them in a foster home. They also have the advantage of preparing the dog for adoption, so it is recommended that you talk in detail about your dog so that they can get to know him better. Some facilities will ask you to sign a letter of surrender.

Giving your dog to a shelter

The last option is to send your dog to a shelter. It is often known that shelters are overstocked because of the number of abandoned animals. They will therefore take in your dog depending on the number of places available. Most of the time, the shelters receive your dog by appointment, so take advantage of your call to make an appointment and find out what paperwork you need to provide. As usual, your dog must have an identification card, the equivalent of a human ID card. When you drop off your dog, allow about half an hour for the interview and to properly fill out the paperwork.

By entrusting your dog to individuals and institutions such as shelters or associations, you are doing something responsible for your dog.

The Shiba Inu, cunning like a fox

Cunning like a fox, this expression qualifies very well the Shiba Inu. Because in addition to being endowed with a particular intelligence and to be very smart, this race makes think of a true domestic fox with its sublime red coat. As it is endearing and very loyal, this dog is perfect for families.

Characteristics of the Shiba Inu

Small in size, the Shiba has a well-proportioned body. The females measure between 35 and 38 cm while the males are between 38 and 41 cm. It has a well drawn musculature and a fine bone structure. Its round head has a broad forehead and a thick muzzle that tapers to the front. The Shiba has small triangular ears that are well erect and reminiscent of a fox. The eyes are small and black.

This breed has a medium length coat with erect hair. Sesame, red sesame, black sesame, black and tan and red are the main coat colors allowed. The coat must have urajiro, whitish hairs visible on several parts of the animal's body.

History of the Shiba Inu breed

The Shiba comes from the mountainous regions of Japan. This breed, known as primitive, has not known only happy days. During the Japanese industrial revolution, many European dogs were imported into the country and crossed with the Shiba. As this breed was neglected in favor of these imported breeds, especially in hunting activities, it almost became extinct between 1912 and 1926. To preserve it, a club was founded by enthusiasts and hunters in 1928. A few years later, the Shiba was finally given its own standard. Today, it is considered a national treasure in Japan.

Living conditions and behavior of the Shiba Inu

Very alert, attentive and loyal, the Shiba is also known for its strong character and independent temperament. It is said that he is not very affectionate. But in the end, it all depends on his education. In fact, this is one of the most important aspects to consider when adopting this animal. From a very young age, it must be educated with rewards and games, because it can develop sociability problems later on towards strangers or other animals.

To ensure its well-being, a home with a garden is strongly recommended. If this is not possible and you live in an apartment, plan many outings at very regular intervals to allow him to stretch his legs. With this animal, you will not have any problem with the neighborhood because it almost never barks.

Diet and main health problems of the Shiba Inu

This hardy breed is not prone to any particular genetic disease. If it benefits from a good follow-up at the veterinarian as well as adequate care, it can live very old.

On the other hand, it will be necessary to envisage a good food containing especially meats and animal by-products very reduced in fat if possible. The whole will be completed with vegetables and rice.

The Spinone, a dog with a rustic look

The Spinone is easily recognizable by its long coat giving it a rustic look. A pointing dog par excellence, it is very well suited as a companion dog, because it is balanced and pleasant to live with.

Characteristics of the Spinone

The Spinone attracts attention because of its physique. Apart from its rustic appearance and its large size, this dog has a body that can be squared off with a powerful musculature and a strong bone structure. The females measure 58 to 65 cm and the males between 60 and 70 cm. The weight is between 30 and 35 kg. Vigorous and robust, the Spinone can be recognized by its oval head revealing a skull and a muzzle as long as each other. The dog has a barely visible stop, a large nose and a straight muzzle. It has large, open, spaced eyes with eyebrows. The face of the Spinone is densely covered with hair and has a beard and thick whiskers. The coat is long, hard, stiff and flat. It is short on the ears, the muzzle and the legs. The animal has a coat with different shades of white: pure, with orange roan spots, brown or brown roan, with orange flecks or orange markings.

History of the Spinone breed

The Spinone has an ancient origin that comes from Italy. It is said to be descended from the ancient griffons that were brought to the country by the Greeks. This dog would have had different names on the peninsula and is the result of a natural selection that contributed to strengthen its hunting skills. It is said that it was born from a cross between the porcelain, the Korthals or the German Pointer. This dog has been very well known in the past, as it has been represented in many pictorial works, including the one by Andrea Mantegna, which was done in the 15th century. Famous authors such as Aristotle, Seneca and Xenophon have also mentioned it.

Necessary living conditions and behavior of the Spinone

The Spinone is known for its courage and robustness. It is not afraid of harsh climates and uneven terrain. It does not hesitate to dive into swamps and to evolve in the middle of brambles to bring back its preys. Spinone means "bramble" in Italian. The animal excels as a companion dog. It is patient, gentle and has a balanced character. The cohabitation with the children does not pose any problem. However, this dog needs to live in a house with a large garden to be in its element. If there is no other choice but to live in an apartment in the city, it will require regular physical activity.

Diet and main health problems of the Spinone

The longevity of the Spinone reaches 13 years. It can be affected by a degenerative pathology called hereditary polyneuropathy that affects the nerves. The animal can suffer from hip dysplasia. Over the years, as the dog ages, the appearance of osteoarthritis cannot be ruled out. In addition, the Spinone is prone to stomach turning. Its meals must be divided into two daily to prevent this pathology. Intense physical exercise after meals is also prohibited.

The Sussex Spaniel, a dog with a cute face

The Sussex Spaniel has many qualities and yet is threatened with extinction. Hunting dog specialized in the report of small game, it is also an excellent companion of life.

Characteristics of the Sussex Spaniel

The Sussex Spaniel is a solidly built dog with a very compact and rolling movement. It is a massive looking dog that measures between 38 and 41 cm and weighs between 20 and 25 kg. The animal is admired for its irresistible face. Well proportioned, the head develops a broad skull with a brown nose, a well marked stop and open nostrils. The eyes have hints of hazel brown and are large, without excess. They must reveal a look full of softness. As for the ears, they are large and thick while being set low and filled with wavy and silky hairs. The Sussex Spaniel owes its cozy appearance to its medium to long coat that is flat, abundant and rather shiny. The legs and the chest are furnished with bangs. The coat must be light brown, golden, intense and very bright. The standard has difficulty tolerating dark brown.

History of the Sussex Spaniel breed

The Sussex Spaniel comes from the eponymous English province. Its origins date back to the 18th century, making it one of the oldest breeds of Spaniels. Like a large majority of dog breeds, the Sussex Spaniel population was on the decline during World War II, but the breed was kept alive by a few passionate breeders who were committed to the breed and did the work necessary to maintain it. Unfortunately, these efforts were not enough since today, the Sussex Spaniel is on the way to extinction. In France, breedings are rare, because there are only 2 or 3 of them. Recently, the British Kennel Club has launched some actions to avoid extinction by creating among others a specialized association.

Necessary living conditions and behavior of the Sussex Spaniel

The Sussex Spaniel is above all a hunting dog that lifts and retrieves small game. In this activity, he shows tenacity and endurance. Today, he has exchanged this role for that of a pet dog. It is a pleasant animal to live with, charming, mischievous and full of enthusiasm. He has no problem living with children, but to be happy, his needs must be respected. It is a calm or active dog, which is attached to its masters, even if it is sometimes considered possessive. As for its education, it tends to be obstinate, but remains of good nature.

Diet and major health problems of the Sussex Spaniel

The Sussex Spaniel can be affected by certain diseases such as patent ductus arteriosus, which causes a heart condition. Pathologies such as deafness, eyelid eversion, herniated discs or mitral insufficiency can appear. It is also very important to monitor pulmonary stenosis, which is manifested by a deformation of the lungs. Finally, hip dysplasia is to be feared. To be in good shape, the dog needs a quality diet that is compatible with his physical activities, his health and his age. Because of his slow growth, he must benefit from a food rich in essential nutrients during his first 3 years.

Why does my puppy chew on everything?

While there's nothing to worry about when your puppy starts chewing on everything around him when he's first discovering his environment, it can quickly become unbearable because as he gets older, if the chewing doesn't stop, it can cause damage throughout the house. But the puppy can also systematically chew on humans, which should not be allowed to happen. Let's see when chewing in puppies becomes abnormal.

When chewing in puppies is normal

In the puppy, from 2 ½ or 3 months of age and up to 5 months of age at the most, chewing can be considered quite normal. It occurs:

• During teething in a good number of puppies because they need to chew. To prevent the young animal from chewing on everything in the house, the owner should invest in a few puppy toys.
• When the young pet is playing or overexcited.
• Don't chew too hard,
• Stop chewing as soon as the owner tells him to,
• That it does not decide to chew itself.

In this last case, chewing is a way for the puppy to communicate and get attention. However, it is important to teach your puppy certain educational basics from the start so that later on he won't become a biting dog. With patience, it is possible to obtain from the young dog :

In most cases, it is the female dog who teaches her pups to control the bite. But in puppies that were separated from their mothers too early, this education could not be completed.

How to teach your puppy not to bite

The intelligence of the dog is such that it allows the animal to know when it hurts with its teeth. If he chews too hard, you should tell him, always using the same word (Ouch, Ouch, etc.) and the same intonation, systematically accompanying the words with an immediate stop to the interaction. It shouldn't take long for him to associate his painful nibbling with his master stopping the game.

Of course, he must be congratulated and/or rewarded when he stops biting. To do this, you must resume the game because that's what the puppy expects. Little by little, he will learn to regulate the intensity of the bite and will understand perfectly that his master deprives him of playing (punishment) when he bites too hard and that it is not because he is playing that he is being punished. The point of these educational sessions through play is to get the puppy to control the pressure of his jaw and then not to use it to play.

This is exactly the same way to get the puppy to stop chewing on everything he finds.

When nibbling becomes biting

It is very important to differentiate between nipping and biting. It is essential to educate the puppy as soon as possible because if the owner is not careful, the animal will quickly understand that by hurting (biting, therefore) it can put an end to an interaction itself. If he is aware that by the impact of his teeth on his master's hand (or another person's) he can control an action, this can become problematic, even very serious because he will end up biting harder and harder, and more and more often. In this case, it will be impossible to trust him.

Biting in puppies can be a sign of a hyperactivity or behavioral problem when it becomes severe and persistent. For example, such behavior may reflect a fear of being abandoned. The puppy will chew on anything that has his owner's scent on it because it reassures him. However, this attitude occurs mostly in the absence of the master and stops as soon as he returns.

When the chewing habit does not go away despite the efforts of the owner to educate his little companion, solutions must be found. Indeed, if it is the expression of a latent aggressiveness, there is a risk that once adult, the dog bites. This can be very dangerous.

Whatever the reason, when the dog chews on everything it finds when it is starting to pass the age of this phase, it is often accompanied by other behaviors. He may urinate everywhere and even defecate in the apartment or house, bark incessantly, be bulimic, run away... This is the responsibility of a veterinary behaviorist, and you should not delay in consulting.

If no other abnormal behavior is observed, a dog trainer can be contacted to stop the biting. This professional is very familiar with the different language patterns of dogs and knows how to intervene in case of a behavior problem.

Top 5 breeds of naked or hairless dogs

3 hairless dog breeds are officially recognized by the International Kennel Club Federation: the Chinese Crested Dog, the Mexican Hairless Dog and the Peruvian Hairless Dog. To this list, you can add two other breeds: the Argentinean Hairless Dog and the American Hairless Terrier.

Chinese Crested Dog

Originally from China, the Chinese Crested Dog is said to be the ancestor of the Mexican Hairless Dog. In the past, they were used to guard their owners' property or to hunt pests. Today, it is a dog considered gentle and never aggressive, provided it is given a strict education.

It is a small dog. It has hair, localized on the head, the lower parts of the limbs and the tail. The rest of the body is bare. There is a variety where the hair is a little more present: it is then said "Powder-Puff". These will be brushed daily and their neck will be shaved in a V shape so that the dog meets the standards.

The Mexican Naked Dog

This is a rare breed of dog. It has some hair on the forehead and neck. There is also a variety with hair.

One of its more complicated names -xoloitzcuintle- refers to the Aztec god Xolotl. Traditionally, the Aztecs would have bred these dogs to be sacrificed during funeral rituals because they were supposed to lead the souls of the deceased to the territory of the dead. They were also used to heat the beds.

It is a dog that, as an adult, has a calm and affectionate temperament, but the puppies are very active: without exercise, they can become destructive. It is a good alert dog because, with a suspicious temperament, it barks easily in case of abnormal situation. The rest of the time, it is discreet. It is necessary to be attentive with its reactions in the presence of small children because the unforeseen ones are often with the appointment.

The Peruvian Naked Dog

Representations of this race of dog would appear on ceramics pre-Inca dating from the 4th century before our era. The Peruvian Naked Dog has a few hairs, only on the head, forming a small black crest.

Because of the absence of hair, these dogs transmit their body heat more easily. That's why, before the progress of medicine, we saw people suffering from rheumatism or articular pains using them to relieve them by their heat. It was all the easier to use them this way because they are excellent companion dogs, particularly affectionate.

There are three different sizes for this breed. These dogs are of a calm nature and adapt to any lifestyle. It remains of rather fragile constitution. It must be protected from the cold, but also from excessive sunlight.

The Argentine Pila Dog

This breed is related to the Mexican Naked Dog and the Peruvian Naked Dog. Many dogs of this breed have hair on their head and tail, but it is sparse and dry like straw. Their ears are long and pointed, and are always erect. There are three different sizes for this breed.

Their morphology evokes a little that of the sighthounds. The body draws strong lines: they are fast dogs. Affectionate, they are also well adapted to families with a high rhythm of activity.

The American Hairless Terrier

This is a small dog, the only one on the list that is truly hairless. There is also a short-haired variety.

It is a dog known for its tonicity that must be well trained to avoid injury in its activities. As it is a terrier, it digs a lot. But it cannot make a good hunting dog because of the lack of hair which makes it more vulnerable to scratching from the brush. He is also a good swimmer who will not fail to answer the call of the water. But it is particularly intelligent and easily integrates the orders.

An occasional bath will be enough to keep him clean. He seems more solid than the other dogs on this list.

The Finnish Spitz, sociable and cheerful dog

A long muzzle, small pointed ears, a plume tail... Physically, the Finnish Spitz or Finkie does not differ from other Spitz type dogs. It is a great hunting dog, but can also be sociable and cheerful if used as a pet.

Characteristics of the Finnish Spitz

Also known as the Finnish Loulou or Finkie, the Finnish Spitz has a square-shaped body with a lean, solid build and a supple gait. The dog also looks like an agile sportsman at first sight. It measures between 39 and 49 cm and weighs between 10 and 13 kg depending on its sex and weight. The Finnish Spitz is noted for its resemblance to the fox. A particularity that he shares with almost all Spitz. The dog has an ovoid head that is wide at the ears and tapers to a dry, narrow muzzle. It has small triangular ears with pointed tips, just like the fox. The eyes are dark in color and medium in size. The Finkie can also be distinguished by its medium to long, semi-erect or upright coat. The coat can be red, gold, red gold, yellow red or brown. The standard accepts the presence of white stripes on the feet or chest.

History of the Finnish Spitz breed

Until now, it has been difficult to determine the exact origins of the Finnish Spitz. Coming from Finland as its title announces, this breed would have landed in the country 2000 years ago. It would have been used initially in the hunting of game birds and waterfowl and even in the hunting of bear and elk. The first standard was established around 1892 in Finland before the animal was considered a "national dog" in the country in 1979. The Finkie is not only famous in its native land, but also in Sweden. In France, the first breedings date back to 1968.

Living conditions and behavior of the Finnish Spitz

The Finkie has exceptional hunting abilities, which is why it is so successful. It is tenacious, has a piercing sight without speaking about its incredible flair. He is known to be the king of barking and masters a variety of sounds. He can also be a watchdog, as he is brave, alert and has an instinct for danger. At home, he is appreciated for his fidelity, his affection, his joy of living and his sociability. The cohabitation with the children is possible. However, this dog needs an early education combining balance and softness, because it is a very sensitive animal.

Diet and main health problems of the Finnish Spitz

The Finnish Spitz is in principle a robust animal. However, it is advisable to buy the dog from specialized breeders to avoid possible hereditary diseases such as knee and elbow joint problems and hip dysplasia. As for food, it should only be compatible with its physical activity and age.

The Drahthaar or German Wirehaired Pointer, energetic and enduring dog

The German Wirehaired Pointer, also known as the Drahthaar, is a hunting dog par excellence, distinguished by its energetic and harmonious appearance, built for endurance and strength. Its harsh coat gives it perfect protection during its hunting activities.

Characteristics of the Drahthaar

The Drahthaar strikes above all for its suppleness and the impression of speed that it gives off. It is a dog with a harmonious physique and a great energy that has a dry construction. They are large in size, with a female measuring between 57 and 64 cm and a male between 61 and 68 cm and weighing between 26 and 31 kg depending on age and sex. This animal has a harmonious head compared to the body. The skull of medium width is distinguished by its well marked superciliary arches, its accentuated stop, its strong and wide muzzle as well as its powerful jaw. Revealing a lively and alert look, the eyes are of dark color and are neither protruding nor excessively sunken in the orbits. As for the ears, they are set high and of medium size. The Drahthaar owes its name of wire-haired dog to its "wire" coat. It is dense and rough, which allows the dog to protect itself from injuries, harsh climates and environments. According to the standard requirements, the coat must be black-gray, brown and white or light roan, that is to say, a predominantly white coat with traces of black or brown.

History of the Drahthaar breed

The Drahthaar originated in Germany. It was born from a cross between the Griffon Korthals and various local hunting dogs during the 19th century. The animal has many physical similarities with the Griffon Korthals, especially in the pronounced eyebrows and the beard. Over the years, improvements have been made to the breed in order to obtain a courageous, versatile dog that can evolve in the harshest environments. Thanks to this rigorous selection work, the Drahthaar is one of the most successful and beloved hunting dogs.

Living conditions and behavior of the Drahthaar

The Drahthaar has a very good character. It is not aggressive or fearful, has a balanced temperament and above all is very confident. When hunting, it shows a lot of energy and is very versatile. It can also take on the role of a guard dog, as it naturally develops a distrust of strangers. The Drahthaar can become an affectionate pet and attached to its master. It loves children and can't resist playing with them. As far as education is concerned, as this breed has an excellent memory, it is imperative to start learning as soon as possible.

Diet and main health problems of the Drahthaar

To be fit and happy, the Drahthaar must absolutely exercise, especially if it is used as a pet. Among other things, physical activity will help avoid overweight problems that can easily affect it. It is also important to watch out for eye diseases and possibly hip dysplasia.

What is a nervous pregnancy in a female dog?

Pseudocyesis (or pseudopregnancy) is a natural phenomenon that is very common in unspayed female dogs, since 9 out of 10 of them have at least two pregnancies in their lifetime once they have reached sexual maturity. Let's take a look at the causes and symptoms of a nervous pregnancy in female dogs, and how to avoid them.

Nervous Pregnancy: an extremely common phenomenon in female dogs

Nervous pregnancy, or pseudopregnancy, can occur within two months of coming into heat in a female dog that has not been covered by a male. Some bitches may experience this every cycle, about twice a year. Pseudocyesis is so common that few female dogs have not had at least one nervous pregnancy in their lifetime.

In a pack, it affects most, if not all, female dogs after completely synchronized heats, which leaves each one the possibility of nursing orphaned puppies or those abandoned by their own mother.

Female dog and nervous pregnancy: symptoms

When a nervous pregnancy is triggered, the female dog presents symptoms similar to those found in a pregnant bitch, both physically and behaviorally:

• vulval discharge,
• swelling of the udders,
• a rise of milk,
• frequent licking (udders, vulva),
• signs of anxiety,
• recurrent moaning,
• a tendency to isolate herself or, on the contrary, to get too close to her owners to the point of becoming invasive or heavy.

Even more striking is the fact that a female dog with a nervous pregnancy will try to collect various little things to build a sort of cosy nest, such as an old cushion, pieces of foam, fabric. She seems to suddenly take a liking to a stuffed animal or a toy and takes great care to protect it. These evocative behaviors seem to express the need to fill the absence of puppies.

Nervous pregnancy: what are the health risks for the female dog?

Since pseudocyesis only occurs once or twice in a female dog's life, it does not pose any particular risk to her physical or mental health. On the other hand, if the phenomenon is recurrent - which is the most frequently noted case - the female dog risks to suffer from

• hormonal imbalance
• recurrent mastitis, i.e. infections of the udder leading to painful inflammations due to lactation (milk production),
• abscesses in the udder,
• mammary tumors,
• infections of the uterus,
• stress.

By dint of developing nervous pregnancies, the female dog gradually changes her behavior. She can be clingy with her owners or steal or damage various objects...

How to limit the risks of nervous pregnancy or pseudocyesis in the female dog?

Whether the pseudocyesis is isolated or recurrent, it is essential to consult the veterinarian. A female dog that presents a nervous pregnancy must be taken care of. This allows her to benefit from an adapted treatment either to relieve the pain, or to stop the milk flow thanks to prolactin inhibitors, or to treat mastitis and other health problems linked to pseudopregnancy. At the appearance of the first symptoms, the owner must in any case check if his female dog is not really expecting puppies...

If the nervous pregnancy is confirmed, it is necessary to avoid that the female dog licks her teats too frequently, if only to limit the stimulation of the milk flow. The owner can take her out very regularly and more frequently than usual in order to divert the attention of his animal. At the same time, he can brush the edge of each teat with a few drops of camphorated alcohol. With this subterfuge (which at least has the merit of being a local disinfectant), one generally manages to dissuade the female dog from continuing her almost monomaniacal licking.

It is also necessary to push her away if she shows herself a little too close and sticky and to remove the objects that she smolders all day long as if they were her babies. This is necessary to try to stop this type of obsessive behavior. You can try to keep her busy by distracting her with play.

Have your female dog spayed to stop nervous pregnancies

Spaying a female dog is the best way to prevent nervous pregnancies. Once the surgery is completed, there is no risk. It is effective, definitive and reassures many owners, provided that they do not want their female dog to have offspring of course.

In any case, spaying is very useful to protect the health of the animal - and consequently increase its life expectancy - because it is an excellent way to fight against mammary, uterine, vulvar tumors, and many other diseases. Finally, thanks to spaying, the female dog used to having nervous pregnancies will be much more balanced psychologically since she will never be exposed to this phenomenon again.

The price of the operation is generally between 250 and 400 €, depending on whether you opt for an ovariectomy (removal of the ovaries) or an ovario-hysterectomy (removal of the ovaries and uterus). This is a considerable amount of money, but the master can be reimbursed if he has taken care to insure his female dog with a health insurance company for animals.

The 10 most beautiful white dog breeds

Like beings from elsewhere, white dogs fascinate with their beautiful immaculate coats. For those who are in awe of these white dog breeds, here is a selection to discover.

The Poodle

Synonymous with pride and elegance, the Poodle is one of the most popular companion dogs. This breed, descended from the Barbet, is distinguished by its elastic and curly coat, particularly dense and woolly. The coat is often white but can also be gray, brown, black or fawn. Although the Poodle is not very prone to shedding, good maintenance is essential to preserve the beautiful appearance of the coat.

The Maltese

How can you resist that cute little face and body? The Maltese pleases indeed for its small size, making it ideal for a life in apartments. This ancient breed dating back to antiquity is adorned with a long, shiny, well furnished and silky coat. The coat is always pure white, although it can also be pale ivory.

The White Swiss Shepherd

Similar to the German Shepherd, the White Swiss Shepherd can be recognized by its incredibly powerful muscles and harmonious body as well as its magnificent, immaculate white coat. The coat can be long or semi-long.

The Westie

The Westie is a house dog par excellence and is said to be descended from the Cairn Terrier and the Maltese, to whom he owes his white coat. The Westie has a semi-long coat that must be groomed and brushed regularly to maintain its quality. This gesture also makes it possible to monitor the possible appearance of allergic dermatitis to which this breed is prone.

The Samoyed

Originally from the Far North, the Samoyed reveals a rare elegance coupled with a confident and dignified appearance. It owes its power and dynamism to its origins as a sled dog. This breed has a long, dense and abundant coat that must be well maintained. Beware of the moulting periods which take place twice a year for females and once a year for males and which may inconvenience some people because of the abundance of hair that falls out.

The Jack Russell

A real ball of energy. The Jack Russell is really ideal for those who love sports. But you have to be able to keep up with him, because he's said to be tireless. He has a beautiful white coat with black and tan spots. But as for the Bulldog, there are plain white breeds.

The Bull Terrier

Very intelligent and courageous, the Bull Terrier is one of those hyperactive dog breeds. It is very attached to its masters and requires a lot of affection. It is appreciated for its mischievous look and its white coat with tan or black spots.

The Greyhound

Another very energetic and sporty breed, perfect for lovers of physical activities. The Greyhound has a slender body with a short coat of different colors: white, black, brown, etc.

The German Spitz

Also called the Pomeranian, the German Spitz is a mischievous dog that demands attention and love from its owners. It has a white coat but can also be orange or cream.

The English Bulldog

A massive head, hanging lips, a body a bit chubby, the English Bulldog pleases for all its physical peculiarities a little bit. As for its coat, it is short, fine and smooth. The coat is usually white and can also have tan or sandy markings. However, it is not uncommon to find entirely white Bulldogs.

The Miniature Spitz or dwarf spirits, a dog with a cute face

It's hard to resist his cute face, his small size and his fluffy coat. The dwarf spitz is a real ball of love that will make your family happy. But beware of his intense vocalizations if you have trouble with the noise!

Characteristics of the Miniature Spitz

Pomeranian, Pomeranian or toy, so many names that are used to designate a single breed of dog: the dwarf spitz. Belonging to the family of miniature dogs, it is only 18 to 22 centimeters high at the withers and weighs a maximum of 3.5 kg. It has a medium-sized head, wider at the back, but thinner at the muzzle, which slightly resembles that of a wolf or fox. The eyes are dark and the ears triangular, while remaining systematically pointed upwards. The tail is always erect on the back and has abundant hair. As for the coat, several colors are allowed, among which are white, black, red, gray or brown. The hairs are long, smooth and fluffy.

History of the Miniature Spitz breed

The Miniature Spitz originated in Germany and is part of the German Spitz breed. It is said that this breed is descended from the bog dogs of the Stone Age. This is how old this breed is and it is one of the oldest known breeds in Central Europe. Because of its irresistible face and its small size, the dwarf spitz has attracted the attention of many famous people, such as Marie-Antoinette of Austria, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Emile Zola or Georges Courteline. Towards the XXth century, however, he lost his notoriety. It will not mix any more with the beautiful world but will be rather used as dog of concierge. At the time, all the lodges of concierges will call upon its talents of big barker to warn of the arrival of foreigners in the buildings.

Living conditions and behavior of the Miniature Spitz

Companion dog par excellence, the dwarf spitz will be able to evolve perfectly in apartment in particular thanks to its small size, but beware of overflowing. As it develops a vivacity and a dynamic without equal, it is important to ensure its daily walks preferably by maintaining it in lead to ensure its safety. In any case, since he is small in size, he does not need much exercise.

Intelligent and outgoing, Miniature Spitzes like to feel valued and admired. That's why they're great for dog training or beauty pageants.

Diet and Major Health Concerns of the Miniature Spitz

Despite its small size, the Miniature Spitz is very strong. However, you should be aware of a few health problems, such as Alopecia X, which is a skin infection that leads to coat damage and hair loss. This disease is not very serious in itself but it affects the general aesthetics of the animal, which is however its biggest asset. Bone disorders are also to be monitored.

As for his diet, give preference to home-made food made of vegetables and 70 g of raw meat. Treats should be avoided so that he doesn't become overweight. Kibbles are possible, provided they are of good quality.

Sterilization of the female dog: advantages and disadvantages

Many owners are reluctant to have their female dog spayed. However, they should know that this procedure, which is currently performed, has many more advantages than disadvantages. It is therefore a possible act as long as one does not wish to have puppies of course. Let's take a look at the many advantages of spaying a female dog and its few disadvantages.

To sterilize your female dog : the different methods

Surgical sterilization is preferable to medical sterilization (by pill) because it is better tolerated by the body in the long term. However, you must be sure that you do not want your female dog to reproduce because it is irreversible. There are two types of surgical sterilization:

• Ovariectomy, which consists of the removal of both ovaries,
• Ovario-hysterectomy which consists in removing the uterus in addition to the ovaries.

Tubal ligation can be performed, but this procedure is not recommended by professionals because it increases the risk of uterine infections. As for medical sterilization, it does not protect the animal against certain diseases, unlike the surgical method.

Sterilization of a female dog: the advantages

Whole female dogs are much more susceptible to disease than spayed female dogs. This is what encourages many owners to opt for this very common procedure, but not only. Here are its advantages.

Fight against dog overpopulation

Our country holds the European record for dog (and cat) abandonment, a record of which we have nothing to be proud of and the figures are chilling with nearly twelve animals abandoned every sixty minutes. Sterilization is encouraged by animal protection organizations which are directly impacted by the overpopulation of dogs since they take in these abandoned animals and are then very often forced to euthanize them.

No more new litters to take care of

You can own a female dog and not want to raise her puppies. Even if these animals are cute, taking care of a litter is not easy. It is difficult to manage when you work because these animals need attention in terms of daily care but also education. In addition, you need enough space to provide them with the best living conditions. Welcoming up to 8 puppies per litter in your home can be a real problem, including financially, as veterinary services are expensive.

It should be noted that it is very difficult to avoid an encounter between your female dog and a dog. A few minutes of inattention during a walk can be enough and it is without counting on the risks that a cunning dog crashes in the garden to cover the female dog in period of heat.

Putting an end to your female dog's heat

The inconveniences linked to heat are numerous, and motivate many owners to have their female dog sterilized. Each year, a female dog can go through at least two periods of heat, each lasting an average of three weeks, during which a mating with a male is usually followed by a pregnancy.

During her heat, the female dog loses blood (the amount varies from one animal to another) and changes her behavior. She is constantly looking for a cuddle, urinates more frequently, attracts males, tries to go out at any time and can even run away. She can have mood swings, cry for nothing and be more emotional than usual. She can also be aggressive during these times and fights between female dogs are not uncommon.

Benefits for the female dog's health

Having your female dog spayed reduces hormonal variations. This allows to protect her against :

• Nervous pregnancies and consequently the rise of milk of pseudo-pregnancy,
• Diabetes mellitus,
• Uterine cysts,
• Tumors of the uterus,
• Vaginal tumors,
• The risk of mammary tumors, provided that the operation takes place before the first heat. This protection is almost null if the female dog is sterilized after the age of 3 years.

Sterilization of the female dog: few disadvantages

It is possible that sterilization may cause urinary incontinence, mainly at night, but the veterinarian can prescribe a very effective treatment.

Sterilization can lead to weight gain in the female dog if the owner is not careful. This inconvenience is not systematic since it is enough to adapt the animal's diet and to avoid sedentary life because her energy needs decrease after sterilization. To limit weight gain, the female dog must exercise regularly and her food intake must be reduced.

The price of the sterilization of the female dog varies according to the type of surgical intervention chosen, the size of the animal, the post-operative treatment and the veterinarian since the rates are free. It can therefore be between 250 and 400 $. But by taking care to insure his female dog with an animal health insurance, the master can be reimbursed at least partially the expenses incurred. It is therefore interesting to insure your female dog as soon as possible and to opt for a formula without waiting period so that the contract is effective from the day of the signature. To find a suitable offer, you just have to use a dog health insurance comparator.

The Welsh Terrier, a very British dog

Under its British look, the Welsh Terrier is a real entertainer ready to run and play. Always full of energy, he is certainly not dedicated to the less athletic owners. This ball of energy is quite easy to train thanks to its obedience.

Characteristics of the Welsh Terrier

Belonging to the terrier family, the Welsh Terrier has many similarities with the wire-haired Fox Terrier. It has an elegant physique with a harmoniously proportioned body. The dog is not very large, measuring a maximum of 39 cm and weighing between 7 and 9 kg. It has a short and well set tail, a straight back and a deep chest. This dog has a small head with a flat skull, a moderately accentuated stop and a muzzle that goes slightly forward. It has small eyes properly positioned in their sockets that reveal the strong character of the animal. Their color should ideally be dark. The dog has ears reminiscent of a "V", which are quite small and carried forward. The Welsh Terrier has a thick, hard coat of medium length. Its hair is even said "wire" because it is so rough. The coat for its part must be black and tan.

History of the Welsh Terrier breed

The Welsh Terrier comes from Wales. It reveals a physique halfway between the Fox Terrier and the Airedale Terrier. According to the history, it would have as ancestor the Old english black and tan terrier which would have been used for the creation of the majority of the terriers. The breed would have appeared in the XVIIIth century and would have been used for hunting activities. It was used as an auxiliary to the hounds. As it is smaller in size, it can enter dens more easily to dislodge its prey. Its official recognition dates back to 1886.

Living requirements and behavior of the Welsh Terrier

The Welsh Terrier has won the hearts of families as a pet because of its joie de vivre and bubbly character. They never run out of energy and need to be constantly exercised. Sedentary owners are clearly not for him. Moreover, this animal expresses a lot of affection towards its owners. On the other hand, it is not very sociable towards its fellow creatures. Small animals should be avoided, as their hunting instinct can resurface at any moment. It needs an education combining softness and firmness which rectifies its small defects. As for his lifestyle, he can live in an apartment without any problem although he prefers a house with a garden.

Diet and main health problems of the Welsh Terrier

The Welsh Terrier is an energetic dog with a life expectancy of 14 years. It therefore needs sufficient caloric and nutritional intake to stay in shape. His diet should be adapted to his age, health and lifestyle. As far as health is concerned, no specific problem has been detected. On the other hand, he may develop keratoconjunctivitis sicca, which is an advanced form of conjunctivitis.

The Griffon fauve de Bretagne, faithful, cheerful and affectionate dog

The Griffon fauve de Bretagne is a French hound specialized in hunting foxes, hares, wild boars and deer. It is faithful, cheerful and affectionate, what to establish the joy of living in all homes.

Characteristics of the Griffon fauve de Bretagne

Medium-sized dog, the Griffon fauve de Bretagne measures between 48 and 56 cm and weighs between 18 and 20 kg. It is characterized by its muscular and bony body that helps it develop a strong endurance. The dog has a short, muscular neck, a flat head with a slight stop, a black or dark brown nose and strong jaws. It is recognizable by its medium-sized eyes, which are not too deep-set and give off an expression of vigor and mischief. Their dark brown color prevents the conjunctivitis from being seen. Concerning the ears, they end in a point and are set high. Starting on the eye line, they are also drooping and flattened. The Griffon fauve de Bretagne has a short coat that is not excessively smooth, but it should not be curly or woolly. The coat comes in several varieties: brown, golden, fawn or red.

History of the Griffon fauve de Bretagne breed

Coming from Brittany, the Griffon fauve de Bretagne is one of the oldest hound breeds in the country. Its existence is mentioned as early as the 14th century. It seems that Huet des Ventes would have raised a whole pack of them. The breed was first used to hunt game. From the 19th century, it was converted to wolf hunting. Over the years, this predator having become rare, the Griffon fawn of Brittany almost became extinct. It is only from the 40's that the breed was brought back to life by passionate breeders. It was even used to create the Basset fauve de Bretagne.

Living conditions and behavior of the Griffon fauve de Bretagne

The Griffon fauve de Bretagne has built its notoriety in hunting activities. Its ability to track wolves is a proof of its strength and power. It is an enduring, stubborn, courageous and very active animal, which hunts its prey in the most hostile environments. As a companion dog, it is appreciated above all for its affection, gentleness and joie de vivre. It can cohabit very well with children for whom it will become a formidable playmate. Be careful, however, because the Griffon fauve de Bretagne has a tendency to bark very loudly and to be a little bit stubborn. It needs an early education without brusqueness.

Diet and main health problems of the Griffon fauve de Bretagne

The advantage of hardy breeds like the Griffon fauve de Bretagne is that they are rarely prone to hereditary diseases. This dog is solid as a rock. Nevertheless, it is necessary to watch for hip dysplasia, eye diseases and ear infections.

My dog is not clean: why, what solutions?

When your dog "forgets" to stay in your house or apartment and leaves urine and faeces everywhere, you should start by asking yourself if he goes outside enough to do his business. Leaving your dog indoors for too long is a mistake that some owners make, and one that is easy to correct. But if the reason is not there, and the problem persists despite regular and frequent outings, then it is indeed a question of uncleanliness. In order to solve the problem, it is of course essential to identify the cause first.

Acquisition of sphincter control in the puppy

Before the age of 7 months, there's no need to worry if your dog occasionally does his business at home. Potty training takes place over time. The master in charge of this training must take care to take his dog out several times a day while respecting a certain frequency because the animal cannot hold back for a whole day, especially when it is very young.

Outside of the sleeping period, an adult dog can generally hold back from doing his business for 4 hours, or even 5 hours, if he has no particular health problem. In the puppy, this capacity is much shorter because the animal does not yet fully dominate its sphincters. It is 2 months in the 8 week old puppy and increases by more or less 1 hour every 4 to 6 weeks until the young animal has fully acquired sphincter control, around 6 or 7 months.

Causes of uncleanliness in dogs

Dogs can only be considered unclean if they are over 7 months of age, since this is the age at which they are fully capable of restraining themselves (for a time only, as mentioned above). Potty training can have any of the following causes.

No potty training or poor training

Due to lack of time or lack of knowledge of the basic rules, the owner may have failed to train his dog. The dog is an intelligent animal that can understand what his owner requires of him as long as he is consistent in his request and knows how to adopt a positive attitude. During the learning period, this comes down to a few very specific attitudes.

It is very important that the educational basis is not lacking so that the puppy becomes housebroken and has all the chances to stay that way under normal living conditions.

An emotional situation

A strong emotion can trigger accidental urination in a dog, regardless of where it is. This does not exclude the living room carpet... Different feelings can be the cause. For example, a dog that is happy to be back with his owner after a long absence or after only a few hours, or a dog that is very excited to go for a walk, can let out pee of joy wherever he is. But these accidents can also be caused by a strong anxiety or by the fear of being alone or following the anger of his master, or even by the terror in front of an act of violence or a very aggressive animal.

Faced with such uncontrollable emotions, the owner must reassure his dog. But in many cases, this requires the assistance of a dog trainer or a veterinary behaviorist.

A feeling of frustration

Being alone all day, the arrival of a baby at home, sometimes even another pet, the feeling of rejection or a severe punishment are all reasons that can lead to frustration in the dog. A feeling that he rarely manages. This is a cause of uncleanliness that can be dealt with, but it requires a great deal of knowledge of canine behavior. It is best to leave it to a professional.

A health problem

There are many conditions that can cause a dog to be unclean in the urine or in the feces, such as

When a pathology is the cause of the dog's uncleanliness, other symptoms usually appear. They should alert the owner and a consultation with the veterinarian without delay is perfectly justified.

Aging

Dogs may become unclean as they age due to senility or a failure of sphincter control. There is not much to do in this case, except to be patient and to take your dog outside as often as possible to relieve himself.

Hypersexualism

This term designates a state of almost constant sexual overexcitement, in any case more frequent than normal, and leads to very frequent urinary markings in male dogs and bitches in heat. This is a condition that must be taken seriously if you don't want to find traces of urine all over the house, because the animal suffering from this syndrome lifts its paw or squats to urinate at any time and anywhere. There are two medical solutions for treating hypersexualism in dogs and bitches:

Whatever the reasons for a dog not being housebroken, or being housebroken but no longer being housebroken, the owner should not take this uncleanness lightly. It is recommended in all cases to ask for advice from a professional, whether it is a dog trainer or a behaviorist if the origin is behavioral or a veterinarian if the problem has a pathological cause.

The Skye Terrier, a dog with a strong temperament

Although it has the perfect physique of a companion dog, the Skye Terrier has a strong temperament and you must have strong nerves before adopting this breed. Beyond that, it is a dynamic, daring and courageous animal.

Characteristics of the Skye Terrier

The Skye Terrier is a dog of more or less average size, varying between 25 and 26 cm in height and 103 cm in length. They are longer than they are tall and are distinguished by their strong bones, muscular build and light, elegant style. This low-legged dog has a powerful and long head. This great length should not overpower the strength. The skull of moderate size becomes finer as it reaches the muzzle. The nose remains black, the stop is light and the muzzle reveals a powerful aspect. The Skye Terrier has medium-sized eyes that are brown in color and give off a lively look hidden behind a dense tuft of hair. As for the ears, they are drooping or straight depending on the variety. They must always be black, whatever the color of the dress. As for the hair, it is long and even reaches the ground. It can be black, light grey, fawn or cream.

History of the Skye Terrier breed

The Skye Terrier comes from England, more precisely from Scotland. It comes from an island located in the Hebrides archipelago. It is an extremely old breed that has been known as the Terrier of the Western Isles. On this subject, the Skye Terrier has been given so many names that it was difficult to determine its true origins in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. We do know, however, that it owes its genetics to the Celtic terriers of the Isle of Skye and to basset hounds. The Skye Terrier was mainly used to hunt pests in farms and houses. It became more famous when it won the hearts of Queen Elizabeth I and then Queen Victoria.

Living requirements and behavior of the Skye Terrier

The Skye Terrier has a strong character. For a long time, it has developed a strong, even aggressive temperament. But the selections made by the breeders allowed to correct this defect. The Skye Terrier is now appreciated for its devotion and loyalty to its masters. It is said that it is the dog of only one master, but if it evolves in family, it becomes a very sympathetic companion for all. This dog is very observant, courageous and alert, which is why it can be used as a guard dog. It also has the advantage of being able to live in all environments, including urban areas. To be happy, he just needs to run and walk around.

Diet and main health problems of the Skye Terrier

The Skye Terrier can be victim of some pathologies like atopic dermatitis as well as hypothyroidism. For its health, it must enjoy the best diet. In adulthood, this breed will be satisfied with a single meal to be given preferably in the evening.

The Belgian Griffon, a dog with a very particular face

With a face with almost human features, the Belgian Griffon attracts all the attention. Because of its small size, its sociability and its dynamism, it is very appreciated as a companion dog. Children, among others, will be happy to have at their side a fiery playmate.

Characteristics of the Belgian Griffon

The Belgian Griffon is a small dog, which is why it is so successful even outside Belgium. Its square-shaped body reveals elegance and robustness. At the same time, the dog has a proud appearance. It measures between 18 and 28 cm and weighs between 3 and 6 kg. The animal is immediately recognizable by its head, which is rather large compared to the rest of the body and gives off a human expression. It has a bulging forehead and an accentuated stop. The dog wears a long beard giving him a false air of Hipster. Ruffled hair also covers the eyes which are large, well spaced between them and of dark brown color. Concerning the ears, they are small, semi-erect and set high. The Belgian Griffon differs from its close cousin the Petit Brabançon by its long hair. It differs from its other cousin the Griffon Bruxellois by its uniformly black coat or may have tan markings on the legs, chest, under the eyes or on the cheeks.

History of the Belgian Griffon breed

The Belgian Griffon comes from Belgium as its name indicates. It belongs to the same family as the Petit Brabançon and the Griffon Bruxellois. All three have for ancestor the Smousje, a Brussels breed very famous in the hunting of rodents in the stables and in the guard of the carriages. The small Belgian dog that we know today was obtained by crossing this Smousje with Carlins and King Charles ruby spaniels. Over the years, the breed has been improved with the addition of Miniature Schnauzer, Affenpinscher and Yorkshire blood. Although it is well known, the Belgian Griffon is less famous than its two cousins whose international reputation is well established.

Living requirements and behavior of the Belgian Griffon

The Belgian Griffon is said to have a strong character. Despite this, the Belgian Griffon is a pleasant animal to live with, both energetic and alert. He never misses an opportunity to play the clown in order to bring joy to his family. He appreciates in particular the sessions of games with the balls. It is an intelligent, affectionate and easy to train animal. It has the advantage of being able to live in small spaces because of its small size. A life in town does not pose any problem provided that it can go out regularly to exercise.

Food and main health problems of the Belgian Griffon

The Belgian Griffon has a squashed face which causes the obstructive syndrome of brachycephalic breeds. This condition causes breathing difficulties and leads to regurgitation and snoring. Because of its large eyes, the dog can also be affected by eye conditions. Finally, it is important to watch for the possible appearance of patella luxation.

Top 10 most represented dog breeds in the world

The world's fourth largest market research and marketing audit institute, GfK, published in 2016 the results of a large study (27,000 respondents in 22 countries). It revealed to us, for example, that 56% of the world's inhabitants own at least one pet, with dogs being popular in Latin America, while Russians and French people prefer cats. We also learn that Argentina holds the record for the number of pets per capita. But what are the most represented dog breeds around the world? Answer in this top 10.

The Rottweiler

The Rottweiler is popular in Italy and, more broadly, around the world thanks to its talents as a guard dog: it would give its life to protect its master and his home. A playful dog, he is a good companion for children. However, some precautions should be taken because this is a dog full of strength, without being fully aware of it, so it can make clumsiness in the heat of the action.

The German Shepherd

The German Shepherd is a very popular dog in France, Canada and the United States, and is even more famous for its use in movies and television series. Its very obedient character and exceptional trainability make it a great movie actor. Very good working dog, it is one of the breeds most used for guarding in general, and herding in particular.

The Golden Retriever

The Golden Retriever is a very popular breed in the world since the 1990s. They are dogs that need space and lots of exercise. They are particularly fond of water, an element for which they are perfectly equipped: an undercoat that protects them from the cold and water, webbed paws and a long and powerful tail that they use to propel and steer themselves. Thanks to their calm and sociable character, they are used a lot with disabled people.

The Pug

The Pug is said to be the most popular breed in Russia. It is a very loving dog. Mischievous and prankster, so much so that he was chosen to play the role of a cheeky character in Men in Black 2, he loves spending time with his master. He demands a lot of attention and if he is not given all the attention he wants, he can quickly get into trouble.

The Labrador Retriever

The Labrador Retriever is said to be the most popular dog in Germany. It is one of the most suitable dogs for families with children and is a great playmate. Its cheerful and friendly character contributes to its success. Docile, intelligent and patient, he is a very good guide dog for the blind. It was in Germany that the first school for guide dogs was opened in 1915.

The French Bulldog

The French Bulldog is a small-sized dog, very popular in Great Britain. Since 1891, the Crufts, the largest dog show in the world, has been held in Birmingham every year, with more than 25,000 dogs participating in beauty contests and dog sports events.

The French Bulldog also has a playful temperament, very pleasant for both adults and children. It is even recommended for the elderly, because it does not need much exercise. A daily outing will suffice. Very empathic, he feels the joys and sorrows of his master.

The Beagle

The Beagle is one of the most popular dog breeds in Poland, a country with one dog for every five inhabitants, one of the highest ratios in Europe. It is a dog that needs a lot of exercise. It is particularly suitable for people who want to do sports with their four-legged friend (cani-cross or mountain biking for example), especially since it can get bored quickly. The unspeakable Snoopy is inspired by this breed, which is very close to its social group.

The Poodle

The Poodle is very popular in France. Louis XVI already owned a Poodle. And this breed saw its popularity explode during the Second Empire. But it is also a dog very much loved by Americans. Full of energy, he is intelligent and curious, which makes him very apt to learn, especially since attached to his master, he will try to please him. He is also very cuddly.

The Yorkshire Terrier

The Yorkshire Terrier is a popular small dog in Spain. It is a clever terrier dog originally bred for its ability to chase rats and rabbits. Its strong character requires a firm and constant education: we have seen many owners find themselves overwhelmed by their Yorkshire who had taken very bad habits of life.

The Cane Corso

The Cane Corso is particularly widespread in Romania. Of very imposing size, it is docile and will be a good companion for the children. In case of danger, it will defend its owner with efficiency. Contrary to other dogs, it does not drool excessively. It is a sporting dog which will need a good daily dose of exercise.

Infectious gastroenteritis in dogs: symptoms, treatment and prevention

Identifying the symptoms of gastroenteritis in dogs is very important to ensure that the animal receives prompt treatment. In most cases, gastroenteritis is infectious and can be easily treated. But is it possible to prevent this type of inflammation?

Infectious gastroenteritis: symptoms

Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the colon, small intestine and stomach. It is called infectious gastroenteritis when it is of bacterial or viral origin. The main culprits are respectively bacteria such as salmonella (Salmonella) and viruses such as parvovirus responsible for canine parvovirosis.

Whether it is bacterial or viral, infectious gastroenteritis causes the following symptoms

• Discomfort or even pain in the abdominal area,
• Fever,
• Hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic diarrhea,
• Vomiting that may contain blood,
• Dehydration,
• A loss of appetite, sometimes anorexia,
• A state of despondency.
• An intestinal dressing to protect the mucous membranes,
• An anti-vomiting agent,
• An anti-diarrheal,
• An antacid.

These manifestations justify an emergency consultation so that the veterinarian can identify the cause of such a state of health as soon as possible.

Infectious gastroenteritis in dogs: diagnosis and treatment

Clinical examination frequently allows the veterinarian to suspect gastroenteritis, but to confirm the diagnosis he may need to submit the dog to additional tests. These may include:

• A blood test,
• Fecal analysis,
• A viral antigen test (snap test)
• An imaging examination to inspect the animal's abdomen (X-ray, ultrasound...) and to verify that it has not ingested a foreign body,
• A digestive endoscopy,
• A digestive biopsy.

It is very important that the dog's owner has taken the precaution of noting the length of time and intensity of the symptoms, what the dog has eaten in the preceding days, whether it has gone out alone and is likely to have been poisoned by any product or bait, and any other indication that may help the veterinarian to direct his investigations.

Treatment of infectious gastroenteritis in dogs depends on the severity of the case. If it is a trivial inflammation, the veterinarian prescribes :

If the infectious gastroenteritis is of bacterial origin, antibiotic treatment is required. But when the animal's health condition is worrying, the practitioner may deem it preferable to put the dog on an infusion. This allows the appropriate treatments to be injected. Sometimes, hospitalization of the animal is unavoidable, especially when it is severely dehydrated because it must receive an intravenous solution as a matter of urgency.

Whatever form of treatment is chosen, the duration varies according to the severity of the case.

Along with the medication, the dog must be put on a diet. This diet consists exclusively of hyperdigestible dietary food. Of course, it is important to ensure that the dog drinks enough throughout the day and night. To limit the risk of dehydration, it is very important that the animal has a water bowl that is regularly renewed so that it is always clean and fresh. After the diet, the convalescent should return to a normal diet but gradually until he or she is fully recovered.

Infectious gastroenteritis in dogs: prevention

Vaccination is the best way to prevent viral diseases, and it is essential that it be up to date. In addition, the owner must be vigilant and make sure that his pet does not eat spoiled food or toxic products in order to avoid the risk of all kinds of digestive problems. This is a common risk when these pets spend a lot of time outdoors and get into the habit of rummaging through garbage.

Deworming is also part of the prevention rules because it limits the colonization of the intestines by parasites. Finally, it is essential to always give your little companion a food of excellent quality, of great freshness, and perfectly adapted to his needs. It is important to avoid sudden changes in diet. All these preventive measures are essential so that the dog is not exposed to the risks of any digestive problems.

The Little Brabançon, dog with the head of a marmoset

Behind his marmoset head with an almost human expression hides an alert, intelligent and lively companion dog that adapts to all families. Its small size allows the Petit Brabançon to accompany its owners in all their movements.

Characteristics of the Petit Brabançon

The Petit Brabançon is a small dog with a muscular physique, a strong bone structure and a robust body. They are very elegant and have a proud and dignified appearance. This dog attracts all the attention by its expressive face which reveals human features. The massive head has a rounded skull with a very pronounced stop, a black nose, a short muzzle, black lips and a prognathic jaw. It arouses excitement in dog lovers by its soft look highlighted by large black eyes well spaced between them that reveal a brown color. The ears are small and are also well spaced. They are set high, semi-erect and curved forward. The Petit Brabançon has a short, shiny, close-lying, rough coat. The standard only accepts red, black or black and tan coats.

History of the breed Petit Brabançon

Belonging to the family of small Belgian dogs in the same way as the Griffon Bruxellois and the Griffon Belge, the Petit Brabançon is a descendant of the "Smousje", a Belgian breed that has been known for several centuries and that was mainly used at the time to hunt vermin and as a guard dog. To obtain this small Belgian dog, it was necessary to cross the Smousje with Carlins and King Charles Spaniels. The breed gained popularity when it was adopted by Queen Marie-Henriette of Belgium. An export to various foreign countries also contributed to the success of the Petit Brabançon which is not only known and appreciated in Belgium.

Necessary living conditions and behavior of the Petit Brabançon

The Petit Brabançon has many qualities. Its small size is not to be trusted. It is a dynamic, alert and cheerful animal that fills its family with happiness. It is an inveterate player that is why it can cohabit without problem with small children. We can count on him in all situations. He develops a balanced temperament and is neither aggressive nor fearful. He knows how to keep watch with brilliance. On the other hand, this dog has difficulty to support loneliness. A defect that it is advisable to rectify as of its young age. In any case, the education of the Petit Brabançon is rather easy. As a lifestyle, it adapts to all environments. Its small size allows it to live in an apartment. In these conditions, it is strongly advised to walk him every day.

Diet and main health problems of the Petit Brabançon

The Petit Brabançon can live up to 14 years on average. It does not have any specific disease and thus pleases for its robustness. On the other hand, it is necessary to avoid making him practise too intense physical exercises during the periods of big heat, because he can manifest respiratory disorders.

The Otterhound, faithful and affectionate dog

The Otterhound is nicknamed Otter Dog because it excels at hunting otters. But this is not his only talent. The Otterhound is a wonderful pet, cheerful, loyal and affectionate, which finds its place in families preferably sporting.

Characteristics of the Otterhound

The Otterhound is a large hound with a large, imposing, signature body. Noted for its light and supple appearance, it measures on average between 61 and 69 cm and weighs between 30 and 35 kg. The Otterhound is specialized in hunting otters, so it evolves mostly in water and has round and webbed feet that allow it to swim more easily. It has a massive head with a light beard and mustache. It is also distinguished by its domed skull and moderate stop. The charm of the dog comes from its soft and expressive look accentuated by slightly sunken eyes whose color is in harmony with the coat. The ears form a kind of drape by folding on themselves, are long and set at the level of the line of the eyes. The Otterhound has a particularly dense and coarse long coat. The hair is oily to the touch and waterproof. The coat is available in all possible colors.

History of the Otterhound breed

Coming straight from Great Britain, the Otterhound has very ancient origins. It is said that its existence dates back to the 12th century. Moreover, it would have been part of the royal court of John Without Land, king of England. This dog would be the result of a cross between the Harrier, the Saint-Hubert and some French griffons like the Griffon Nivernais and the Griffon Vendéen. Some English breeds would also have contributed to its creation, such as the Foxhound, the Staghound and the Kerry Beagle. The Otterhound is appreciated for its otter hunting skills. The population is not large, and has been since the 20th century, when this type of hunting was at its peak. Even today, the threat of extinction is more than real.

Necessary living conditions and behavior of the Otterhound

The Otterhound is an affectionate, gentle and even-tempered animal. It is effective in hunting, but also finds its place in families as a pet. It is an independent and loyal dog that shows a lot of affection towards its masters without being clingy. He is sociable and gets along with other dogs and animals, including cats. The ideal life for him would be to live in the countryside, near a water source to use his swimming skills.

Otterhound nutrition and major health problems

The Otterhound can suffer from the typical pathologies of large dogs, including elbow and hip dysplasia. It is also advisable to watch for the appearance of thrombocytopenia, a disease that manifests itself by the reduction of platelets in the blood. As for food, given its size, it needs a maximum of vitamins and minerals.

Milk teeth in dogs: explanations and precautions

As is the case with human puppies, puppies have milk teeth which, once they have fallen out, are replaced by permanent teeth. The owner must take care of his dog's teeth as soon as possible because it's essential for him to remain in good health.

When the puppy's milk teeth appear

A puppy's milk teeth, or deciduous teeth, begin to appear as early as three weeks after birth. It usually takes about 20 days for all the other teeth to come in. The puppy is therefore about 6 weeks old when he has his 28 provisional, very pointed quenches - which, some time later, allows the nursing bitch to perceive that it is time to wean her puppies. The puppy only keeps his milk teeth for a short time, except for the first premolars which he keeps throughout his life, but which only grow at the age of 5 months.

It should be noted, however, that depending on the breed, a puppy can have up to 32 milk teeth.

My puppy keeps biting: is it because of his milk teeth?

Sometimes a puppy may want to chew on everything under his nose because his jaws feel funny, and sometimes even a little sore. But many puppies don't need to chew when their decidual teeth come in and then fall out to make room for adult teeth.

It's very important for the owner to react if the puppy has a tendency to get into a bit of a biting habit. When this attitude is excessive, it has nothing to do with his teeth. It's a behavioral problem that should be stopped as soon as possible.

In order to get things back to normal, the animal must absolutely be taken in hand by a dog trainer, because unwanted biting will not disappear by itself. On the contrary, they will intensify and turn into real bites, and when the puppy becomes an adult, it could be very difficult to manage, even dangerous. A dog should not bite, and the owner is responsible for his pet's behavior.

Replacement of deciduous teeth by permanent teeth in dogs

Decidual teeth start to fall out at the age of 4 months and are quickly replaced by permanent teeth. In general, the 7-month-old dog is fully equipped with adult teeth. The fall of the milk teeth and their replacement by the permanent teeth always take place in the same way.

For a long time, the oral examination of the animal allowed a veterinarian to know its real age, a very useful way for people who wanted to adopt a found dog. However, in the last few decades, the diet of these animals has changed a lot, so that their teeth do not evolve or wear in the same way. It is therefore difficult today to determine their age as precisely by simply examining their teeth. It is less and less practiced.

Nevertheless, the evolution of the puppy's teeth has not changed over the years and goes as follows.

• Replacement of the central incisors or claws at 4 months,
• Replacement of the other incisors (middle and corners) at 4 ½ months,
• Replacement of the canines at 5 months,
• Replacement of the carnassials and post-carnassials (molars) between 6 and 7 months.

The adult dog has 42 permanent teeth.

Dental hygiene of the puppy and the dog

It is from his youngest age that the animal must benefit from a good oral hygiene. This means that it starts when he has only milk teeth. It is fundamental for his general health because many bacteria accumulate every day under the dental plaque and can cause serious pathologies in different organs.

The dog's owner must therefore do everything possible to fight tartar. He can brush his little companion's teeth with a specific fingernail or an adapted brush and a special dog toothpaste. You can buy a toothbrush kit for dogs in pharmacies or pet stores. So that the animal accepts this type of attention, we start as soon as possible by lifting its lips, then we gradually open its mouth and finally we gently brush its teeth, internal and external face. This learning process only lasts a week, after which brushing is easier and care, if necessary, is more easily applied.

This regular brushing does not exempt you from having a scaling done by a veterinarian specialized in dentistry. You should also ask for a check-up every 6 months. With such attention, the dog will be better protected against the risks of loosening, cavities, gum infections, oral ulcers, abscesses, bad breath, and falling teeth. Finally, it is necessary to give your dog toys specially designed to clean his teeth and fight against tartar.